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What factors multiplied the global food shortage
of 008?
These suggestions came from April article The New Economics of Hunger in Washington Post - please mail info@worldcitizen.tv with others
A brutal convergence of events has hit an unprepared global market, and grain prices
are sky high. The world's poor suffer most.
By Anthony Faiola, April 27
wheat prices spiked amid mediocre 007 harvests in
the United States and Europe
and signs of prolonged drought in Australia.
.
As prices rose, major grain producers including Argentina and Ukraine, battling inflation caused in part by soaring
oil bills, were moving to bar exports on a range of crops to control costs at home.
It meant less supply on world
markets even as global demand entered a fundamentally new phase.
Already, corn prices had been climbing for months
on the back of booming government-subsidized ethanol programs.
Soybeans were facing pressure from surging demand
in China. But as supplies in the pipelines of global trade shrank, prices for corn, soybeans, wheat, oats, rice and
other grains began shooting through the roof.
At the same time, food was becoming
the new gold. Investors fleeing Wall Street's mortgage-related strife plowed hundreds of millions of dollars into grain futures, driving prices up
even more.
By Christmas, a global panic was building. With fewer places to turn, and tempted by the weaker
dollar, nations staged a run on the American wheat harvest.
Foreign buyers, who typically
seek to purchase one or two months' supply of wheat at a time, suddenly began to stockpile. They put in orders on U.S.
grain exchanges two to three times larger than normal as food riots began to erupt worldwide.
This led major
domestic U.S. mills to jump into the fray with their own massive orders, fearing that there would soon be no wheat left at
any price.
"Japan, the Philippines, [South] Korea, Taiwan -- they all came in with huge orders, and no matter how high prices go, they keep on buying,"
said Jeff Voge, chairman of the Kansas City Board of Trade
"We have never seen anything
like this before," Voge said. "Prices are going up more in one day than they have during entire years in the past.
Much of the increase is being absorbed by middle men -- distributors, processors, even governments -- but consumers
worldwide are still feeling the pinch.
The convergence of events has thrown world food supply
and demand out of whack and snowballed into civil turmoil. After hungry mobs and violent riots beset Port-au-Prince, Haitian
Prime Minister Jacques-Édouard Alexis was forced to step down this month. At least 14 countries have been racked by
food-related violence. In Malaysia, Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi is struggling for political survival after a March rebuke from voters furious over food prices. In Bangladesh,
more than 20,000 factory workers protesting food prices rampaged through the streets two weeks ago, injuring at least 50 people.
To quell unrest, countries including Indonesia are digging deep to boost food subsidies. The U.N. World Food Program has warned of an alarming surge in hunger in areas as far-flung as North Korea and West Africa. The crisis, it fears, will plunge more than 100 million of the world's poorest people
deeper into poverty, forced to spend more and more of their income on skyrocketing food bills.
"This crisis could result in a cascade of others . . . and become a multidimensional problem affecting economic
growth, social progress and even political security around the world," U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said.
For the 1 billion living on less than a dollar
a day, it is a matter of survival. In a mud hut on the Sahara's edge, Manthita Sou, a 43-year-old widow in the Mauritanian
desert village of Maghleg, is confronting wheat prices that are up 67 percent on local markets in the past year. Her solution:
stop eating bread. Instead, she has downgraded to cheaper foods, such as sorghum, a dark grain widely consumed by the world's
poorest people. But sorghum has jumped 20 percent in the past 12 months. Living on the 50 cents a day she earns weaving textiles
to support a family of three, her answer has been to cut out breakfast, drink tea for lunch and ration a small serving of
soupy sorghum meal for family dinners. "I don't know how long we can survive like this," she said.
Countries that have driven food demand in recent years are now grappling with the cost of their own success -- rising
prices. Although China has tried to calm its people by announcing reserve grain holdings of 30 to 40 percent of annual production,a
number that had been a state secret, anxiety is still running high.
In India, the government recently scrapped all import duties on cooking oils and banned exports of non-basmati rice.
Ill-Equipped Markets
The root cause of price
surges varies from crop to crop. But the crisis is being driven in part by an unprecedented linkage of the food chain.
A big reason for higher wheat prices, for instance, is the multiyear drought in Australia,
something that scientists say may become persistent because of global warming. But wheat prices are also rising because U.S.
farmers have been planting less of it, or moving wheat to less fertile ground. That is partly because they are planting more
corn to capitalize on the biofuel frenzy.
This year, at least a fifth and perhaps a quarter of
the U.S. corn crop will be fed to ethanol plants.
, many economists now say food prices should have climbed much
higher much earlier.
After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the world seemed to shrink with rapidly opening markets, surging trade and improved communication and transportation
technology. Given new market efficiencies and the wide availability of relatively cheap food, the once-common practice of
hoarding grains to protect against the kind of shortfall the world is seeing now seemed more and more archaic. Global grain
reserves plunged.
Yet there was one big problem. The global food trade never became
the kind of well-honed machine that has made the price of manufactured goods such as personal computers and flat-screen TVs
increasingly similar worldwide. With food, significant subsidies and other barriers meant to protect farmers -- particularly
in Europe, the United States and Japan -- have distorted the real price of food globally, economists say, preventing the market from normal price
adjustments as global demand has climbed.
If market forces had played a larger role in food trade,
some now argue, the world would have had more time to adjust to more gradually rising prices.
The European Union doles out about $41 billion a year in agriculture subsidies, with France getting the biggest share, about $8.2 billion. The 27-nation bloc also has set a target for biofuels to supply
10 percent of transportation fuel needs by 2020 to combat global warming.